Generic Name: Metoprolol
Brand Names: Lopressor, Toprol-XL
Metoprolol is a selective beta-blocker used to treat high blood pressure, chest pain, heart failure, and to prevent heart attacks. It works by slowing heart rate and reducing the heart's workload.
is prescribed to treat:
• High blood pressure (hypertension) • Chest pain (angina) • Heart failure • Abnormal heart rhythms (atrial fibrillation, SVT) • Prevention of migraine headaches • Post-heart attack (improves survival) • Hyperthyroidism symptoms
It helps reduce strain on the heart and prevents cardiovascular events.
Common side effects may include:
• Fatigue or tiredness • Dizziness or lightheadedness • Slow heart rate (bradycardia) • Cold hands and feet • Shortness of breath with exertion • Diarrhea or stomach upset • Depression or mood changes
Serious side effects (seek immediate medical attention):
• Very slow heart rate (less than 50 bpm at rest) • Severe dizziness or fainting • New or worsening shortness of breath • Swelling of ankles or feet • Unusual weight gain • Chest pain • Wheezing or difficulty breathing • Severe allergic reactions
Metoprolol is one of the most commonly prescribed beta-blocker medications in the United States. It belongs to the class of selective beta-1 blockers (cardioselective), meaning it primarily affects the heart rather than other organs. Metoprolol is available in two formulations: immediate-release (Lopressor) and extended-release (Toprol-XL).
Metoprolol works by blocking beta-1 receptors, which are primarily located in the heart:
Cardiac Effects:
At Lower Doses:
At Higher Doses:
Angina (Chest Pain):
Post-Myocardial Infarction:
Atrial Fibrillation/Flutter:
Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT):
Migraine Prevention:
Hyperthyroidism:
Metoprolol comes in two formulations:
Immediate-Release (Metoprolol Tartrate/Lopressor):
Extended-Release (Metoprolol Succinate/Toprol-XL):
Administration Tips:
Avoid metoprolol if you have:
Important interactions include:
Cardiac Medications:
Medications Affecting Metoprolol Levels:
Other Interactions:
⚠️ CRITICAL WARNING: Never stop metoprolol abruptly without medical supervision. Sudden discontinuation can cause:
If discontinuation is necessary, taper gradually over 1-2 weeks under medical supervision.
Pregnancy:
Breastfeeding:
Regular monitoring includes:
Heart Rate:
Blood Pressure:
Heart Failure Patients:
Blood Sugar (Diabetics):
Periodic Testing:
Very common, especially when starting or increasing dose:
Common, especially with position changes:
Due to reduced peripheral blood flow:
Can occur, especially with exertion:
Can occur in men:
Diabetic Patients:
Asthma/COPD:
Peripheral Vascular Disease:
Elderly:
Thyroid Disease:
Critical Points:
Expected Course:
Requires Patience:
While taking metoprolol:
Seek immediate medical attention if you experience:
Contact your doctor for routine issues:
Extensive evidence shows metoprolol:
For Hypertension:
For Heart Failure:
Post-Heart Attack:
For Angina:
Immediate-Release (Metoprolol Tartrate):
Extended-Release (Metoprolol Succinate):
Not Interchangeable:
Store metoprolol at room temperature (68-77°F/20-25°C) away from light, heat, and moisture. Keep in original container. Keep out of reach of children.
Both formulations available as affordable generics. Metoprolol tartrate is very inexpensive and on $4 generic lists. Metoprolol succinate (extended-release) costs more but still affordable as generic. Both covered by virtually all insurance plans.
Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not intended to replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult your physician or other qualified healthcare provider with any questions about a medical condition or medication.
This medication is commonly used to treat or manage the following conditions:
Asthma, a chronic lung disease, causes airway inflammation and narrowing, resulting in wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath, triggered by allergens, irritants, infections, or stress.
Atrial fibrillation, a common arrhythmia characterized by rapid, irregular heartbeats, increases risk of stroke and heart failure, often linked to age, hypertension, and heart disease.
ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder marked by inattention, hyperactivity, and/or impulsivity, stemming from complex interactions between genetics, brain differences, and environmental factors, not poor parenting.
COPD, a progressive lung disease causing irreversible airflow limitation, encompassing emphysema and chronic bronchitis, is primarily driven by irritant exposure like smoking, leading to shortness of breath and chronic cough.
Hives (urticaria) are itchy, raised welts caused by histamine release, triggered by allergens, physical stimuli, medications, infections, stress, or sometimes, unknown factors.
Hyperthyroidism, characterized by excessive thyroid hormone production, accelerates metabolism and can result from Graves' disease, toxic goiter, thyroiditis, or excessive iodine intake.
Lupus anticoagulant is an antibody causing paradoxical prolonged clotting tests yet increasing thrombosis risk, linked to antiphospholipid syndrome and autoimmune diseases, despite not always requiring lupus diagnosis.
Migraine is a debilitating neurological condition causing recurrent headaches with throbbing pain, nausea, and light/sound sensitivity, likely stemming from complex brain, nerve, and blood vessel interactions.
Osteoarthritis, a common degenerative joint disease, causes pain, stiffness, and reduced motion due to cartilage breakdown from aging, genetics, obesity, injuries, or repetitive stress.
Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) is a common circulatory issue where narrowed arteries reduce limb blood flow, often causing leg pain and signifying increased heart attack/stroke risk, primarily due to atherosclerosis.
Portal hypertension, an elevated pressure in the portal vein due to blockage often from cirrhosis or other pre-hepatic causes, can lead to serious complications like bleeding and ascites.
Secondary pulmonary hypertension, unlike its primary form, arises from underlying conditions such as heart/lung disease, blood clots, or connective tissue disorders, increasing lung artery pressure.
A stroke, caused by interrupted brain blood supply from blockage (ischemic) or bleeding (hemorrhagic), is a medical emergency requiring prompt treatment to minimize brain damage.
Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) is a rapid heart rhythm originating above the ventricles, often caused by re-entry circuits, leading to palpitations and dizziness, significantly impacting quality of life.
Vertigo, a spinning sensation distinct from dizziness, often stems from inner ear or brain issues like BPPV or Meniere's, sometimes triggered by head trauma or medication.
Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Always consult with your healthcare provider before starting, stopping, or changing any medication. Your doctor can provide personalized recommendations based on your specific health condition and medical history.
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