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Carvedilol

Generic Name: Carvedilol

Brand Names: Coreg, Coreg CR

Carvedilol is a beta-blocker used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure. It works by blocking certain natural substances in the body, such as epinephrine, from affecting the heart and blood vessels.

CardiovascularBeta-BlockersHeart FailureHypertension

What It's Used For

Side Effects

Common side effects may include:

• Dizziness or lightheadedness • Fatigue or tiredness • Low blood pressure • Slow heart rate (bradycardia) • Diarrhea • Weight gain • Shortness of breath

Serious side effects (seek immediate medical attention):

• Severe dizziness or fainting • New or worsening heart failure symptoms • Very slow heartbeat • Severe allergic reactions • Difficulty breathing or wheezing • Swelling of legs, ankles, or feet • Unusual weight gain • Chest pain

Additional Information

What is ?

Carvedilol is a medication that belongs to a class of drugs called beta-blockers. Unlike traditional beta-blockers, carvedilol also has alpha-blocking properties, making it a non-selective beta-blocker with vasodilating effects. It is widely used to treat hypertension and heart failure.

How Does Carvedilol Work?

Carvedilol has a unique dual mechanism of action:

Beta-Blocking Effects:

  • Blocks beta-1 receptors in the heart, reducing heart rate and contractility
  • Decreases cardiac output and reduces oxygen demand
  • Lowers blood pressure

Alpha-Blocking Effects:

  • Blocks alpha-1 receptors in blood vessels
  • Causes vasodilation (widening of blood vessels)
  • Further reduces blood pressure and afterload on the heart

Additional Effects:

  • Antioxidant properties that may protect heart tissue
  • Reduces harmful remodeling of the heart in heart failure
  • Improves survival in patients with heart failure

Common Uses

Carvedilol is prescribed for:

  • Hypertension: Effective blood pressure control, often used in combination with other medications
  • Heart Failure: Improves symptoms, reduces hospitalizations, and improves survival
  • Post-Myocardial Infarction: Protects the heart after a heart attack, especially with left ventricular dysfunction
  • Cardiomyopathy: Helps manage various forms of heart muscle disease

Dosage and Administration

Carvedilol should be taken exactly as prescribed:

  • Usually taken twice daily with food to slow absorption and reduce side effects
  • Starting dose is typically low (3.125 mg or 6.25 mg twice daily)
  • Dose is gradually increased over several weeks
  • Extended-release formulation (Coreg CR) is taken once daily
  • Take at the same times each day
  • Do not stop suddenly - must be tapered under medical supervision
  • Swallow extended-release capsules whole; do not crush or chew

Important Safety Information

Who Should Not Take Carvedilol?

Avoid carvedilol if you have:

  • Severe bradycardia (very slow heart rate)
  • Heart block (second or third degree, without a pacemaker)
  • Cardiogenic shock
  • Severe liver disease
  • Bronchial asthma or severe COPD
  • Decompensated heart failure requiring IV inotropic therapy
  • Known hypersensitivity to carvedilol

Drug Interactions

Inform your doctor about all medications, especially:

  • Other blood pressure medications (may cause excessive lowering)
  • Calcium channel blockers (diltiazem, verapamil) - may cause heart block
  • Digoxin - carvedilol increases digoxin levels
  • Insulin and diabetes medications - may mask hypoglycemia symptoms
  • Clonidine - do not stop both simultaneously
  • CYP2D6 inhibitors (fluoxetine, paroxetine, quinidine)
  • Rifampin - decreases carvedilol effectiveness
  • Cyclosporine - levels may increase

Special Populations

Diabetic Patients:

  • May mask symptoms of low blood sugar (tachycardia, tremor)
  • Monitor blood glucose more carefully
  • Sweating from hypoglycemia is not masked

Thyroid Disease:

  • May mask symptoms of hyperthyroidism
  • Sudden withdrawal may precipitate thyroid storm

Peripheral Vascular Disease:

  • May worsen symptoms of poor circulation

Starting and Adjusting Treatment

Titration Schedule

Carvedilol requires gradual dose increases:

For Hypertension:

  • Start: 6.25 mg twice daily
  • Increase every 7-14 days as tolerated
  • Target: 25 mg twice daily
  • Maximum: 50 mg daily

For Heart Failure:

  • Start: 3.125 mg twice daily
  • Double dose every 2 weeks as tolerated
  • Target: 25-50 mg twice daily (depending on weight)
  • Titration must be done carefully under medical supervision

Monitoring and Follow-Up

Your doctor will monitor:

  • Blood pressure (standing and sitting to check for orthostatic hypotension)
  • Heart rate
  • Heart failure symptoms (shortness of breath, swelling, weight)
  • Liver function tests
  • Kidney function
  • Blood glucose (in diabetic patients)
  • Weight (daily self-monitoring for heart failure patients)

Managing Side Effects

Dizziness and Low Blood Pressure

  • Rise slowly from sitting or lying positions
  • Take medication with food
  • Stay well hydrated
  • Avoid alcohol
  • Most common when starting or increasing dose

Fatigue

  • Usually improves with time
  • Take medication at bedtime if approved by doctor
  • Maintain good sleep habits
  • Exercise as tolerated

Lifestyle Considerations

To optimize treatment with carvedilol:

  • Take medication with food to reduce side effects
  • Maintain a low-sodium diet for blood pressure and heart failure
  • Monitor weight daily if you have heart failure
  • Limit alcohol consumption
  • Avoid sudden position changes
  • Continue prescribed exercise programs
  • Manage stress
  • Don't skip doses

Discontinuation

⚠️ NEVER stop carvedilol suddenly without medical supervision. Abrupt discontinuation can cause:

  • Rebound hypertension
  • Worsening angina
  • Heart attack
  • Dangerous arrhythmias
  • Worsening heart failure

If discontinuation is necessary, your doctor will gradually taper the dose over 1-2 weeks.

When to Contact Your Doctor

Seek immediate medical attention if you experience:

  • Severe dizziness or fainting
  • Very slow heartbeat (less than 50 beats per minute at rest)
  • Chest pain or pressure
  • Sudden weight gain (2-3 pounds in a day or 5 pounds in a week)
  • Increased shortness of breath
  • Swelling of legs, ankles, or abdomen
  • Wheezing or difficulty breathing
  • Signs of liver problems (yellowing of skin/eyes, dark urine)
  • New or worsening fatigue

Long-Term Benefits

Clinical studies have demonstrated that carvedilol:

  • Reduces mortality in heart failure patients by 35%
  • Decreases hospitalizations for heart failure
  • Improves quality of life and exercise tolerance
  • Reduces the risk of sudden cardiac death
  • Provides cardiovascular protection after heart attack
  • Effectively controls blood pressure with once or twice daily dosing

Storage

Store carvedilol at room temperature (77°F/25°C) with brief excursions permitted to 59-86°F (15-30°C). Protect from moisture. Keep in original container away from light. Keep out of reach of children and pets.


Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and is not intended to replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult your physician or other qualified healthcare provider with any questions about a medical condition or medication.

Related Health Conditions

This medication is commonly used to treat or manage the following conditions:

Asthma

Asthma, a chronic lung disease, causes airway inflammation and narrowing, resulting in wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath, triggered by allergens, irritants, infections, or stress.

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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder marked by inattention, hyperactivity, and/or impulsivity, stemming from complex interactions between genetics, brain differences, and environmental factors, not poor parenting.

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Cardiomyopathy

Cardiomyopathy encompasses diseases weakening the heart muscle, impairing its ability to pump blood efficiently, potentially leading to heart failure, arrhythmias, and other complications.

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

COPD, a progressive lung disease causing irreversible airflow limitation, encompassing emphysema and chronic bronchitis, is primarily driven by irritant exposure like smoking, leading to shortness of breath and chronic cough.

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Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism, characterized by excessive thyroid hormone production, accelerates metabolism and can result from Graves' disease, toxic goiter, thyroiditis, or excessive iodine intake.

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Lupus Anticoagulant

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Osteoarthritis

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Portal Hypertension

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Secondary Pulmonary Hypertension

Secondary pulmonary hypertension, unlike its primary form, arises from underlying conditions such as heart/lung disease, blood clots, or connective tissue disorders, increasing lung artery pressure.

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Vertigo

Vertigo, a spinning sensation distinct from dizziness, often stems from inner ear or brain issues like BPPV or Meniere's, sometimes triggered by head trauma or medication.

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Medical Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Always consult with your healthcare provider before starting, stopping, or changing any medication. Your doctor can provide personalized recommendations based on your specific health condition and medical history.

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